Wildlife Forensic Science

C P Sharma | Senior Technical Officer | Wildlife Institute of India

What is Wildlife Forensic Science?

A Career in Wildlife Forensic Science is very intriguing. Almost everyone seems to be talking about How to start a Career in Wildlife Forensic Science, while one should first develop an understanding of What is a Career in Wildlife Forensic Science. The internet is a great source of information on Wildlife Forensic Science, but it is second best to learning about the same from a real professional.

Senior Technical Officer C P Sharma has 24 years & 7 months of professional experience in Wildlife Forensic Science. Senior Technical Officer C P Sharma describes Wildlife Forensic Science as:

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly on the criminal side during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. Wildlife forensic science is forensic science applied to legal issues involving wildlife.

How Senior Technical Officer C P Sharma got into Wildlife Forensic Science?

After completing my B Sc in Chemistry, Botany & Zoology and M Sc in Forensic Science from Punjabi University, Patiala, I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 1994 and since then I am working at WII as a Senior Technical Officer there.

Senior Technical Officer C P Sharma's Talk on Wildlife Forensic Science

The Journey of a Wildlife Forensic Scientist: Chandra Prakash Sharma's Insights into an Emerging Field Chandra Prakash Sharma, a passionate Senior Technical Officer at the Wildlife Institute of India, sheds light on the intriguing yet challenging realm of Wildlife Forensic Science. With nearly three decades of hands-on experience, Chandra's journey emphasizes the critical role this science plays in fighting illegal wildlife trade, protecting endangered species, and serving justice for voiceless victims. In this article, we will explore the essence of wildlife forensic science, the educational pathways, essential skills, positive impacts, challenges faced, and a typical day in Chandra’s life while contributing to this vital field. What Is Wildlife Forensic Science? Wildlife forensic science is a vital discipline that combines aspects of biology, genetics, and law to identify wildlife parts and products that are often encountered in illegal wildlife trade. This branch of forensic science plays a crucial role in uncovering illegal activities by utilizing morphological and molecular techniques to determine the species of various samples, which may include animal remains and derivatives. As the science is governed by specific legal frameworks, such as the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 in India, experts must navigate both ecological behaviors and legalities to conduct their work effectively, ensuring that the silent victims of wildlife crimes, often represented by their remains, receive justice. Education Forensic Science Chandra’s academic journey began with a Master's in Forensic Science, where he developed a robust foundation in the various methodologies used within forensic investigations. This degree provided him with essential theoretical knowledge, which he would later apply practically in the realm of wildlife forensics, focusing on both morphological and molecular identification techniques necessary for this specialized field. Veterinary Science Chandra acknowledges the relevance of veterinary science in wildlife forensics. Those trained in veterinary medicine possess a deep understanding of biological components critical for identifying animal remains. Their expertise uniquely positions them to offer valuable insights into wildlife cases, enabling better identification of species based on biological features, which is essential for both legal proceedings and conservation efforts. Biological Science A robust background in biological science is paramount for anyone entering the field of wildlife forensics. Chandra highlights that knowledge in areas such as biosealogy and genetics is imperative. Such education equips individuals with the necessary skills to analyze and identify wildlife components, while also understanding the biological implications of species conservation and ecology. Biotechnology Biotechnology plays a crucial role in wildlife forensic science by unlocking advanced molecular techniques that can identify genetic material from samples that might otherwise remain untraceable. Chandra notes that proficiency in biotechnology methods, such as DNA analysis, is essential for working with degraded or incomplete specimens, where traditional morphological techniques may fail. Wildlife Ecology Understanding wildlife ecology is central to recognizing the legal and conservation aspects of animal species involved in forensic cases. Chandra believes that knowledge of animal behaviors and ecological patterns can significantly aid forensic experts in making informed decisions about the cases they handle, enhancing the accuracy of their findings. Anthropology Anthropological knowledge is another essential component in wildlife forensics, particularly for taking precise measurements of skeletal remains. Chandra emphasizes that understanding the anthropometric aspects, such as the measurements of limbs and skulls, aids in distinguishing between species—a critical task when dealing with a plethora of animals in the illegal trade. Skills Microscopic Analysis Chandra asserts that skills in microscopic analysis are fundamental to wildlife forensic science. This involves the use of advanced imaging techniques to compare and identify hair, scales, or other traces left at crime scenes. Mastery of various microscopy tools and image analysis software is necessary to provide accurate evidence in wildlife crime investigations. Anthropometric Measurements Precise anthropometric measurements are essential in this field for the identification of bones and remains. Chandra emphasizes the importance of accuracy when measuring skulls and long bones, as these details can differentiate between species and contribute crucial evidence to legal cases involving wildlife. Literature Digging Given the novelty of wildlife forensics, Chandra points out that professionals often have to independently uncover necessary literature and databases for species identification. This skill is vital for locating historical and scientific documentation that can aid in developing new methodologies and enhancing existing practices in the lab. Law & Acts Compliance Knowledge of relevant wildlife protection laws and acts is a critical skill for anyone in this space. Chandra explains that understanding the legal frameworks governing wildlife forensics enables professionals to frame their findings in compliance with legal requirements, ensuring that evidence can stand up in court and serve as a basis for actionable decisions. Decision Making Decision-making skills are paramount in wildlife forensics, as experts must rationalize their findings and present scientifically valid results. Chandra illustrates that the ability to make informed conclusions based on collected data is crucial, especially when contributing expert testimony in legal matters involving wildlife crime. Positives Contribution to Conservation One of the most rewarding aspects of working in wildlife forensics, according to Chandra, is the opportunity to contribute to conservation efforts. He finds immense satisfaction in advocating for silent victims of wildlife crimes, believing that each case he handles aids in protecting endangered species and fostering environmental sustainability. Helping Law & Enforcement Authorities Chandra’s role significantly supports law enforcement agencies by providing critical identification services for wildlife articles intercepted in illegal trades. His expertise empowers these authorities to take informed action against wildlife trafficking, thus enhancing their overall effectiveness in preserving biodiversity. Career Opportunities As wildlife forensic science continues to evolve, it presents numerous career opportunities. Chandra notes that the field is expanding, with laboratories specializing in wildlife forensic science emerging. Aspiring professionals are encouraged to join this growing sector where they can make meaningful contributions to justice and conservation. Respect & Recognition Chandra emphasizes the respect that comes with working in this field. Being a key contributor to resolving cases of wildlife crime earns not only recognition in legal circles but also appreciation from the broader community. The importance of their work gives professionals a sense of pride and dignity in advocating for wildlife protection. Challenges Lack of Animal Literature One of the predominant challenges in wildlife forensics is the scarcity of published literature and research dedicated to non-human species. Chandra explains that, unlike human forensics, where extensive resources exist, wildlife forensics depends heavily on existing databases, which are still developing, leading to significant gaps in knowledge and protocol. Various Species in Wildlife Another challenge faced by wildlife forensic scientists is the sheer diversity of species involved, which can complicate investigations. Chandra remarks that the myriad of animal bodies and products requires experts to develop specific protocols for identification that are both scientifically sound and legally actionable, adding layers of complexity to each case. Health Issues Working closely with biological samples poses inherent health risks. Chandra warns that forensic professionals must always consider their safety concerning zoonotic diseases that could arise from handling animal remains. Implementing proper safety protocols and hygiene practices is essential for personal well-being in the laboratory setting. A Day Of Wildlife Forensic Science On a typical day, Chandra faces a constantly changing array of cases in wildlife forensic science. He begins by documenting incoming cases, which could range from ivory smuggling to the handling of illegal animal products. His day involves meticulous table work, sample analysis, and preparing comprehensive reports that might serve as pivotal evidence in court proceedings. In addition to practical work, Chandra also takes the time to teach and train students and other law enforcement personnel, sharing his extensive knowledge and fostering the next generation of wildlife forensic experts. The field of wildlife forensic science is more than just a career for Chandra Prakash Sharma; it is a calling that intertwines justice, conservation, and personal fulfillment. As he champions the need for robust education, critical skills, and interdisciplinary understanding, he urges aspiring professionals to commit themselves to this evolving science. With each case he processes, Chandra not only aids in upholding the law but also nurtures the health of our planet's biodiversity, making his role vital in the fight against wildlife crime.

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How to get into

Wildlife Forensic Science?

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Links for this Talk

Senior Technical Officer C P Sharma's LifePage:

[LifePage]
https://www.lifepage.in/page/cpsharma

LifePage Career Talk on Wildlife Forensic Science

[Career]
https://www.lifepage.in/careers/wildlife-forensic-science

[Full Talk]
https://lifepage.app.link/20180724-0004

[Trailer]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvW9DWzd1B0

(Wildlife Forensic Science, C P Sharma, Wildlife Institute of India, WII, Senior Technical Officer, Crime, Illegal Trade, Wildlife Forensic, Forensic Science, Wildlife, SWFS, Animal Abuse, Wildlife Law Enforcement, conservation)

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Wildlife Forensic Science

Dr S K Gupta
Scientist E | Wildlife Institute of India

[ 16 years & 7 months Experience ]

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly on the criminal side during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. Wildlife forensic science is forensic science applied to legal issues involving wildlife.

"After completing B Sc in Botany, Zoology & Chemistry, I did Masters in Biotechnology from Meerut. Post that, I did Ph D in Wildlife Science from Saurashtra University. After that, I then worked as a Scientist at Dr Surapaneni Genomic Solutions for 2 years. I joined Wildlife Institute of India in 2008 as a Scientist C and am now I am a Scientist E."